Color theory is simple yet complicated. It involves photographic concepts you just have to accept, because they work. There are two basic theories; additive and subtractive.
Additive color theory starts with red, green, and blue- the primary colors. Each inhabits about a third of the spectrum. Adding these colors together, in varying amounts, will create other colors. Adding all three colors in even amounts will create white. Red and blue together is magenta, blue and green together is cyan, and green and red together is yellow.
This is different than painting or art theory because you are dealing with light and not pigments. To prove this, one can take three slide projectors, each with a red, green, or blue filter inserted. Shine each of them on the same spot, and the three colors will combine to create white.


Additive color (in photography) has a very limited use today, but was used in the early days of color photography. Please check the visible light spectrum to better understand that red, green, and blue make up visible light.
Subtractive color theory starts with the colors cyan, magenta, and yellow. As the name subtraction implies, each of the colors will retard another color. Cyan subtracts the color red, yellow subtracts the color blue, and magenta the color green.


All three colors together will subtract all color to create black. In varying densities, the colors (C,M,Y), can create all colors.
This is the conventional color process in use today for color negatives, color positives and color printing. The difference between these, is that the sum of colors in the additive method is white and the sum of the colors in the subtractive method is black.

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